Paul Kushner is a co-lead on Activity 13. He is an expert in the development, evaluation, and application of comprehensive earth system models to understand the climate system’s response to anthropogenic climate change. He has studied the mechanisms of global and regional climate change associated with greenhouse warming, aerosol forcing, and ozone depletion, particularly as they induce global teleconnections and as they affect and interact with cold-region climate processes. He is a Professor in the Department of Physics at the University of Toronto.